H5N1 Qinghai Strains Selected as Pandemic Vaccine Targets
Recombinomics Commentary
June 13, 2006
Two additional H5N1 sequences have been selected as targets for a pandemic vaccine. Both are Qinghai strains. One is from Qinghai and the other from Mongolia. The Mongolia sequence is from A/Whooping swan/Mongolia/244/2005. The HA and NA sequences were just released from the WHO private data base.
The HA sequence from the Mongolian isolate has five polymorphisms that have a limited distribution in the public flu data base at Los Alamos. These polymorphisms help define the HA gene selevted and also provide an informative travel history of the individual polymorphisms. One polymorphism, C163G is only present the Mongolian pandemic strain. Another, T701C is only in the four isolates from Mongolia.
G196A is initially found in China in HPAI H5N1 in 2000 and is in 2 isolates from Vietnam (see list of isolates below). Like Qinghai polymorphisms in other isolates, it is also in a series of Guangxi isolates. It is the “northern” subset of Qinghai strain isolates and found in Mongolia and Russia and is in the first isolate from Turkey (A/turkey/Turkey/1/2005) as well as a subset of Qinghai isolates (Italy, Germany, Iraq, Egypt, Czech Republic, and Nigeria).
The travel history of the polymorphisms, C1261T is also listed below.
The polymorphism made is database debut in 1984 in an H2N3 mallard in Canada. However, it is present throughout the Americas and found in New Jersey in the United States and Brazil in South America. In the Americas, it was exclusively found in H2 serotypes, but was in H2N1, H2H2, H2N3, H2N4, H2N5, H2N9. The most recent isolate in the database is 2003. However, that is more likely to be a reflection on the database than the absence of the H2 polymorphism.
C1261T made it data base debut in Asia in low path H5 (H5N3) in swans in Japan in 1996, the same year that high path H5N1 appeared in Guangdong. In 2003 the polymorphism was in H5N1 in Vietnam in H5N1 with the classic HA cleavage site RERRRKKR found in the 1996 Guangdong goose. The polymorphism was then detected in China in 2004 in adjacent Guangxi .and in 2005 in Hunan.
The polymorphism made its Qinghai strain debut in Mongolia and Novosibirsk, but was not in the isolates from Qinghai Lake. This “northern version” of the Qinghai strain then was detected in Kurgan and Tula in Russia followed by Turkey in October of 2005. It is in the only public sequence released by Weybridge. However, the turkey/Turkey/1 sequence is listed in phylogenetic trees along with over 70 additional HA sequences from Europe. As seen by the list from public sequences below, it is also in Italy, Germany, Czech Republic, Iraq, Egypt, and Nigeria.
The last polymorphism is C1492T. It however is much more limited. In the Qinghai strain, it is only in the Mongolian isolates. It too made its data base debut in a low path isolate. This one was in 2002 in an H5N2 mallard from Sweden.
In 2003 it moved into Vietnam and was once again in classical HPAI H5N1 with an HA cleavage site of RERRRKKR. It was also in one isolate from Hong Kong and one from Belgium (but the Belgium isolate was in an eagle being smuggled from Thailand). All the rest are Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia and Laos. These isolates are all clade 1 and include isolates from human, dog, cat, and tiger.
Adding Qinghai strains to the list of vaccine targets is useful because the Qinghai strains are being widely dispersed via long range migratory birds and have moved into China, India, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. H5N1 bird flu pandemic vaccine targets from Indonesia and Vietnam have been selected previously.
G196A
DQ447199 A/chicken/Egypt/960N3-004/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ406728 A/chicken/Nigeria/641/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ515984 A/Cygnus olor/Czech Republic/5170/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ435200 A/domestic cat/Iraq/820/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ435201 A/domestic goose/Iraq/812/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ464377 A/Egypt/2782-NAMRU3/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ435202 A/Iraq/207-NAMRU3/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ458992 A/mallard/Bavaria/1/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ449031 A/mallard/Italy/332/2006 2006 H5N1
AB233319 A/bar-headed goose/Mongolia/1/05 2005 H5N1
DQ449632 A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ323672 A/chicken/Kurgan/3/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ407519 A/turkey/Turkey/1/2005 2005 H5N1
AB233320 A/whooper swan/Mongolia/3/05 2005 H5N1
AB233321 A/whooper swan/Mongolia/4/05 2005 H5N1
AB233322 A/whooper swan/Mongolia/6/05 2005 H5N1
ISDN140936 A/Whooping swan/Mongolia/244/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320893 A/chicken/Guangxi/2439/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320883 A/duck/Guangxi/1311/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320884 A/duck/Guangxi/1378/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320885 A/duck/Guangxi/1586/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320886 A/duck/Guangxi/1681/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320887 A/duck/Guangxi/1793/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320890 A/duck/Guangxi/2291/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320892 A/duck/Guangxi/2396/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320879 A/duck/Guangxi/668/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320881 A/goose/Guangxi/1097/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320882 A/goose/Guangxi/1198/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320888 A/goose/Guangxi/1832/2004 2004 H5N1
Q320889 A/goose/Guangxi/2112/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320891 A/goose/Guangxi/2383/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320880 A/goose/Guangxi/914/2004 2004 H5N1
ISDN40326 A/Chicken/Viet Nam/Ncvd8/2003 2003 H5N1
ISDN38689 A/Duck/Viet Nam/Ncvd1/2002 2002 H5N1
AY651352 A/teal/China/2978.1/2002 2002 H5N1
AF501235 A/duck/Shanghai/1/2000 2000 H5
AF501234 A/duck/Shanghai/1/2000 2000 H5
DQ201829 A/Goose/Huadong/1/2000 2000 H5N1
C1261T
DQ447199 A/chicken/Egypt/960N3-004/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ406728 A/chicken/Nigeria/641/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ515984 A/Cygnus olor/Czech Republic/5170/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ435200 A/domestic cat/Iraq/820/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ435201 A/domestic goose/Iraq/812/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ464377 A/Egypt/2782-NAMRU3/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ435202 A/Iraq/207-NAMRU3/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ458992 A/mallard/Bavaria/1/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ449031 A/mallard/Italy/332/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ320910 A/chicken/Hunan/999/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ449632 A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ323672 A/chicken/Kurgan/3/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ279301 A/chicken/Tula/10/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ095630 A/Duck/Hunan/114/05 2005 H5N1
DQ320902 A/duck/Hunan/127/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320903 A/duck/Hunan/139/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320904 A/duck/Hunan/149/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320906 A/duck/Hunan/157/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320907 A/duck/Hunan/160/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320908 A/duck/Hunan/166/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320909 A/duck/Hunan/182/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ095631 A/Duck/Hunan/191/05 2005 H5N1
DQ230522 A/duck/Novosibirsk/56/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ212792 A/goose/Novosibirsk/4/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ407519 A/turkey/Turkey/1/2005 2005 H5N1
AB233320 A/whooper swan/Mongolia/3/05 2005 H5N1
AB233321 A/whooper swan/Mongolia/4/05 2005 H5N1
AB233322 A/whooper swan/Mongolia/6/05 2005 H5N1
ISDN140936 A/Whooping swan/Mongolia/244/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN48980 A/Chicken/Guang xi/12/2004 2004 H5N1
ISDN48989 A/Duck/Guang xi/13/2004 2004 H5N1
ISDN40326 A/Chicken/Viet Nam/Ncvd8/2003 2003 H5N1
DQ497678 A/chicken/Vietnam/19/2003 2003 H5N1
CY003992 A/mallard/Alberta/79/2003 2003 H2N3
CY003984 A/mallard/Alberta/149/2002 2002 H2N4
AY633196 A/mallard/Alberta/205/1998 1998 H2N3
CY003968 A/mallard/Alberta/205/1998 1998 H2N3
CY003976 A/mallard/Alberta/226/1998 1998 H2N3
AY633228 A/mallard/Alberta/226/1998 1998 H2N3
CY003960 A/blue-winged teal/Alberta/16/1997 1997 H2N9
AY633364 A/pintail/Alberta/22/97 1997 H2N9
AY633388 A/teal/Alberta/16/97 1997 H2N9
CY003944 A/mallard/Alberta/201/1996 1996 H2N3
AY633180 A/mallard/Alberta/202/1996 1996 H2N5
CY003952 A/mallard/Alberta/202/1996 1996 H2N5
AB241616 A/swan/Hokkaido/4/96 1996 H5N3
AB241617 A/swan/Hokkaido/51/96 1996 H5N3
AB241618 A/swan/Hokkaido/67/96 1996 H5N3
L11131 A/guinea/NJ/3070/91 1991 H2N2
CY005413 A/semi-palmated sandpiper/Brazil/43/1990 1990 H2N1
CY003936 A/mallard duck/Alberta/353/1988 1988 H2N3
L11135 A/mallard/Alberta/353/88 1988 H2N3
CY003879 A/mallard duck/Alberta/376/1985 1985 H2N3
CY003871 A/mallard duck/Alberta/884/1984 1984 H2N5
C1492T
ISDN121986 A/Cambodia/JP52a/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN122146 A/chicken/Cambodia/022LC3b/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ334760A/chicken/Thailand/Kanchanaburi/CK-160/20052005 H5N1
DQ334776 A/chicken/Thailand/Nontaburi/CK-162/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN124038 A/Chicken/Viet Nam/NCVD09/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN124037 A/Chicken/Viet Nam/NCVD10/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ497676 A/chicken/Vietnam/348/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN124044 A/Duck/Viet Nam/NCVD01/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN124040 A/Duck/Viet Nam/NCVD04/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN124142 A/Duck/Viet Nam/NCVD05/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN124035 A/Duck/Viet Nam/NCVD06/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN124032 A/Duck/Viet Nam/NCVD07/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN124030 A/Duck/Viet Nam/NCVD08/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ497674 A/duck/Vietnam/272/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ497708 A/duck/Vietnam/283/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ497689 A/duck/Vietnam/317/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ497704 A/duck/Vietnam/376/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ497688 A/duck/Vietnam/N-TB/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN122147 A/goose/Cambodia/022b/2005 2005 H5N1
AB239125 A/Hanoi/30408/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN129400 A/Hanoi/30408/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ497675 A/mallard/Vietnam/347/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ497677 A/mallard/Vietnam/352/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN124042 A/Muscovy Duck/Viet Nam/NCVD02/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ334768 A/quail/Thailand/Nakhon Pathom/QA-161/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ372591 A/Thailand/NK165/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN119678 A/Viet Nam/HN30408/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN117777 A/Viet Nam/JP4207/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN118371 A/Viet Nam/JPHN30321/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ497726 A/Vietnam/CL105/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ497727 A/Vietnam/CL115/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ497728 A/Vietnam/CL119/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ497729 A/Vietnam/CL2009/2005 2005 H5N1
AB233320 A/whooper swan/Mongolia/3/05 2005 H5N1
AB233321 A/whooper swan/Mongolia/4/05 2005 H5N1
AB233322 A/whooper swan/Mongolia/6/05 2005 H5N1
ISDN140936 A/Whooping swan/Mongolia/244/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN124036 AChicken/Viet Nam/NCVD12/2005 2005 H5N1
AY651330 A/bird/Thailand/3.1/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ236077 A/cat/Thailand/KU-02/04 2004 H5N1
AY770991 A/chicken/Ayutthaya/Thailand/CU-23/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083569 A/chicken/Ayutthaya/Thailand/CU-24/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083568 A/chicken/Bangkok/Thailand/CU-20/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083551 A/chicken/Bangkok/Thailand/CU-3/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083554 A/chicken/Bangkok/Thailand/CU-6/04 2004 H5N1
ISDN49117 A/chicken/Cambodia/7/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ083558 A/chicken/Chachoengsao/Thailand/CU-10/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083559 A/chicken/Chachoengsao/Thailand/CU-11/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083555 A/chicken/Chonburi/Thailand/CU-7/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083580 A/chicken/Chonburi/Thailand/CU-73/04 2004 H5N1
ISDN40925 A/Chicken/Laos/44/2004 2004 H5N1
ISDN40922 A/Chicken/Laos/7191/2004 2004 H5N1
ISDN40923 A/Chicken/Laos/7192/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ083576 A/chicken/Lopburi/Thailand/CU-38/04 2004 H5N1
ISDN80767 A/chicken/Malaysia/5858/04 2004 H5N1
DQ320934 A/chicken/Malaysia/5858/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ083562 A/chicken/Nakhon Pathom/Thailand/CU-14/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083561 A/chicken/Nakhon Sawan/Thailand/CU-13/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083577 A/chicken/Nakhon Sawan/Thailand/CU-39/04 2004 H5N1
AY590568 A/chicken/Nakorn-Patom/Thailand/CU-K2/2004 2004 H5N1
AY590576 A/chicken/Nakorn-Patom/Thailand/CU-K3/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ083582 A/chicken/Prachinburi/Thailand/CU-104/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083556 A/chicken/Prachinburi/Thailand/CU-8/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083578 A/chicken/Ratchaburi/Thailand/CU-68/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083565 A/chicken/Saraburi/Thailand/CU-17/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083572 A/chicken/Saraburi/Thailand/CU-27/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083550 A/chicken/Suphanburi/Thailand/CU-1/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083557 A/chicken/Suphanburi/Thailand/CU-9/04 2004 H5N1
ISDN49021 A/chicken/Thailand/2/04 2004 H5N1
DQ076201 A/Chicken/Thailand/73/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651327 A/Chicken/Thailand/73/2004 2004 H5N1
AY649382 A/chicken/Thailand/CH-2/2004 2004 H5N1
AY779050 A/chicken/Thailand/CU-21/2004 2004 H5N1
AY590563 A/chicken/Thailand/CU-K1/2004 2004 H5N1
ISDN40909 A/Chicken/Viet Nam/1/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651343 A/Chicken/Viet Nam/C57/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ099759 A/chicken/Viet Nam/DT-171/2004 2004 H5N1
AY728894 A/chicken/Viet Nam/HauGiang-617/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ099760 A/chicken/Viet Nam/LD-080/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ099758 A/chicken/Viet Nam/TG-023/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ099755 A/chicken/Viet Nam/TN-025/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497718 A/chicken/Vietnam/132/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497700 A/chicken/Vietnam/133/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497714 A/chicken/Vietnam/134/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497695 A/chicken/Vietnam/135/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497701 A/chicken/Vietnam/147/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497696 A/chicken/Vietnam/149/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497713 A/chicken/Vietnam/159/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497706 A/chicken/Vietnam/260/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497687 A/chicken/Vietnam/32/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497698 A/chicken/Vietnam/52/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497710 A/chicken/Vietnam/53/2004 2004 H5N1
AY818136 A/chicken/Vietnam/C58/04 2004 H5N1
DQ320937 A/chicken/Vietnam/DT171/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651326 A/Ck/Thailand/1/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651328 A/Ck/Thailand/9.1/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651337 A/Ck/Viet Nam/33/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651338 A/Ck/Viet Nam/35/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651339 A/Ck/Viet Nam/36/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651340 A/Ck/Viet Nam/37/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651341 A/Ck/Viet Nam/38/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651342 A/Ck/Viet Nam/39/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ182483 A/crested eagle/Belgium/01/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ083563 A/crow/Bangkok/Thailand/CU-15/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083570 A/crow/Bangkok/Thailand/CU-25/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083575 A/crow/Bangkok/Thailand/CU-35/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083552 A/crow/Bangkok/Thailand/CU-4/04 2004 H5N1
AY651331 A/Dk/Thailand/71.1/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651344 A/Dk/Viet Nam/11/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ530173 A/dog/Thailand-Suphanburi/KU-08/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083553 A/duck/Chonburi/Thailand/CU-5/04 2004 H5N1
AY737304 A/duck/Guangdong/173/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083579 A/duck/Nakhon Pathom/Thailand/CU-71/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083581 A/duck/Saraburi/Thailand/CU-74/04 2004 H5N1
AY779048 A/duck/Thailand/CU-2/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ099756 A/duck/Viet Nam/TG-007A/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497702 A/duck/Vietnam/148/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497684 A/duck/Vietnam/219/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497685 A/duck/Vietnam/220/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497683 A/duck/Vietnam/48/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497686 A/duck/Vietnam/N-XX/2004 2004 H5N1
ISDN49121 A/goose/Cambodia/28/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497707 A/goose/Vietnam/264/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651332 A/Gs/Thailand/79/2004 2004 H5N1
AJ867074 A/Hatay/2004 2004 H5N1
AY590569 A/kalij pheasant/Thailand/CU-4/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ083566 A/Kalji Pheasant/Bangkok/Thailand/CU-18/04 2004 H5N1
AY646175 A/leopard/Suphanburi/Thailand/Leo-1/04 2004 H5N1
DQ320940 A/Mallard duck/Vietnam/133/2004 2004 H5N1
AY576930 A/muscovy duck/Vietnam/MdGL/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ083585 A/Mynas/Ranong/Thailand/CU-209/04 2004 H5N1
AY590577 A/openbill/Thailand/CU-2/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ083567 A/Ostrich/Samut Prakan/Thailand/CU-19/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083574 A/ostrich/Samut Prakan/Thailand/CU-31/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083583 A/pigeon/Samut Prakan/Thailand/CU-202/04 2004 H5N1
DQ236085 A/pigeon/Thailand/KU-03/04 2004 H5N1
ISDN110940 A/Prachinburi/6231/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651329 A/Qa/Thailand/57/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320935 A/quail/Malaysia/6309/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ099757 A/quail/Viet Nam/TG-007B/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497715 A/quail/Vietnam/177/2004 2004 H5N1
AY818137 A/quail/Vietnam/36/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083571 A/rollers/Bangkok/Thailand/CU-26/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083584 A/sparrow/Phang-Nga/Thailand/CU-203/04 2004 H5N1
AY555150 A/Thailand/1-KAN-1/2004 2004 H5N1
ISDN40341 A/Thailand/16/2004 2004 H5N1
AY555153 A/Thailand/2-SP-33/2004 2004 H5N1
ISDN49460 A/Thailand/Chaiyaphum/622/2004 2004 H5N1
ISDN40918 A/Thailand/Kan353/2004 2004 H5N1
AY679514 A/Thailand/LFPN-2004/2004 2004 H5N1
ISDN40917 A/Thailand/SP83/2004 2004 H5N1
AY646167 A/tiger/Suphanburi/Thailand/Ti-1/04 2004 H5N1
AY842935 A/tiger/Thailand/CU-T3/2004 2004 H5N1
AY972539 A/tiger/Thailand/CU-T4/04 2004 H5N1
AY972540 A/tiger/Thailand/CU-T5/04 2004 H5N1
AY972541 A/tiger/Thailand/CU-T6/04 2004 H5N1
AY866475 A/tiger/Thailand/CU-T7/2004 2004 H5N1
AY972542 A/tiger/Thailand/CU-T8/04 2004 H5N1
AY651333 A/Viet Nam/1194/2004 2004 H5N1
ISDN38686 A/Viet Nam/1194/2004 2004 H5N1
ISDN38687 A/Viet Nam/1203/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651334 A/Viet Nam/1203/2004 2004 H5N1
AY818135 A/Viet Nam/1203/2004 2004 H5N1
ISDN38688 A/Viet Nam/1204/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651335 A/Viet Nam/3046/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651336 A/Viet Nam/3062/2004 2004 H5N1
ISDN40278 A/Viet Nam/3212/2004 2004 H5N1
ISDN69608 A/Viet Nam/JP178/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497719 A/Vietnam/CL01/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497720 A/Vietnam/CL02/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497725 A/Vietnam/CL100/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497721 A/Vietnam/CL17/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497722 A/Vietnam/CL20/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497723 A/Vietnam/CL26/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ497724 A/Vietnam/CL36/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ083564 A/white peafowl/Bangkok/Thailand/CU-16/04 2004 H5N1
DQ083573 A/white peafowl/Bangkok/Thailand/CU-29/04 2004 H5N1
DQ497678 A/chicken/Vietnam/19/2003 2003 H5N1
DQ497679 A/chicken/Vietnam/20/2003 2003 H5N1
DQ320938 A/chicken/Vietnam/27/2003 2003 H5N1
DQ497681 A/chicken/Vietnam/28/2003 2003 H5N1
DQ497682 A/chicken/Vietnam/30/2003 2003 H5N1
DQ497691 A/chicken/Vietnam/4/2003 2003 H5N1
DQ497692 A/chicken/Vietnam/5/2003 2003 H5N1
DQ497693 A/chicken/Vietnam/8/2003 2003 H5N1
AY651358 A/Ck/Hong Kong/YU324/2003 2003 H5N1
DQ497670 A/duck/Vietnam/15/2003 2003 H5N1
DQ497672 A/duck/Vietnam/17/2003 2003 H5N1
DQ497671 A/mallard/Vietnam/16/2003 2003 H5N1
DQ497690 A/mallard/Vietnam/3/2003 2003 H5N1
AY995885 A/mallard/Sweden/21/02 2002 H5N2
Phylogenetic Trees