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Commentary
Emergence
of Novel H1N1 In American Swine
Recombinomics
Commentary 09:05
July 22, 2010
The new isolate, A/swine/Illinois/030337/2010 was collected June 24, 2010 and is closely related to the two prior isolates, A/swine/Illinois/02984/2010 and A/swine/Iowa/03032/2010. Thus, the two most recent swine H1N1 isolates (in Illinois and Iowa) represent this emerging variant, which is related to the H1N1 that merged at the Hudson County fair in Ohio almost exactly three years ago (August, 2007).
In 2007 identical HA sequences were isolated from a presenter (10F), her father (36M), and multiple swine at the fair. In addition, 24 other attendees had flu like symptoms (in August) indicating the strain almost started an H1N1 pandemic in 2007. The most recent sequences have the 6 BP insertion and have acquired a large number of polymorphisms from pandemic H1N1, which is co-circulating in swine in the Midwestern US. These acquisitions raise concerns that the emerging strain will acquire polymorphisms that improve human transmission leading to a second pandemic strain.
The latest sequence is most closely related to the Illinois sequence collected in March, 2010 indicating parallel evolution of Iowa and Illinois isolates, which acquired polymorphisms from pandemic H1N1. Thus, there are multiple versions of the Ohio strain with the 6 BP insertion co-circulating with pH1N1 as well as H1N2, which has a human seasonal H1 from 2003. This co-circulation of H1 swine in the US Midwest provides a reservoir of polymorphisms feeding rapid evolution and potential new pandemic H1 strains.
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