Azerbaijan H5N1 Sequences Fly Into Indonesia
Recombinomics Commentary
August 28, 2006
H5N1 bird flu sequences, A/Azerbaijan/006-207/2006(H5N1), from a prior patient in Azerbaijan were released at Los Alamos. Seven of the eight gene segments were deposited on the public side of the database. These sequences had a limited number of “new” polymorphisms which were shared with a subset of Qinghai sequences. Azaerbaijan and the sequences from a swan in Italy were shared in six of the seven genes. Polymorphisms were also frequently shares with the 2006 Tuva isolate, including polymorphisms in PA, which were not shared with the Italian sequence.
However, several of the Azerbaijan polymorphisms were also found in sequences from Indonesia, including PA and NA sequences in H5N1 from Karo cluster (see below). These newly released sequences provide additional evidence for the presence of Qinghai sequences in Indonesia.
The mounting evidence of Qinghai sequences on an Indonesian background indicates that the Indonesian H5N1 genes are acquiring these polymorphisms via recombination. These acquisitions are increasing the genetic diversity in H5N1 in Indonesia. Similar changes are also happening in Fujian and Clade 1 sequences, which are creating additional problems for the generation of a pandemic vaccine because of limited cross-reactivity. Recently, the WHO announced the availability of vaccine targets representing 3 sub-clades of Clade 2. All three sub-clades have been identified in fatal human cases.
Most of the human H5N1’s isolated in Indonesia do not match avian sequences from domestic poultry. The presence of Qinghai polymorphisms in Indonesian isolates suggest wild birds are bring in new sequences. The sequences may also be present in a mammalian reservoir, because many of the novel polymorphisms are also not found in wild bird sequences.
The increasing detection of Qinghai sand other novel sequences in the Indonesian sequence database indicates a more aggressive program should be launched to increase the H5N1 survellance in additional hosts including humans without poultry exposure, other mammals, and wild bird birds.
Qinghai isolates are in black bold, while mammalian Indonesian isolates are in red bold.
HA polymorphism
ISDN140054 A/Azerbaijan/006-207/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ435201 A/domestic goose/Iraq/812/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN187437 A/Indonesia/569H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183706 A/Indonesia/CDC623/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183714 A/Indonesia/CDC623E/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183722 A/Indonesia/CDC624/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183730 A/Indonesia/CDC624E/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ320876 A/chicken/Fujian/1042/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ343150 A/chicken/Hebei/326/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN124038 A/Chicken/Viet Nam/NCVD09/2005 2005 H5N1
AM183673 A/chicken/Vietnam/P78/05 2005 H5
DQ320875 A/duck/Fujian/897/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320901 A/duck/Guangzhou/20/2005 2005 H5N1
AM183676 A/duck/Vietnam/AG40-O2/05 2005 H5
DQ095628 A/Goose/Shantou/1621/05 2005 H5N1
DQ320915 A/goose/Shantou/2216/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN130912 A/Indonesia/195H/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320916 A/migratory duck/Jiangxi/1653/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320917 A/migratory duck/Jiangxi/1657/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320918 A/migratory duck/Jiangxi/1701/2005 2005 H5N1
AY741213 A/blackbird/Hunan/1/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320893 A/chicken/Guangxi/2439/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ080022 A/chicken/Henan/01/2004 2004 H5N1
AY950230 A/chicken/Henan/1/2004 2004 H5N1
AY950232 A/chicken/Henan/12/2004 2004 H5N1
AY950233 A/chicken/Henan/13/2004 2004 H5N1
AY950234 A/chicken/Henan/16/2004 2004 H5N1
AY950231 A/chicken/Henan/210/2004 2004 H5N1
ISDN48972 A/Chicken/Hu bei/14/2004 2004 H5N1
AY684706 A/chicken/Hubei/327/2004 2004 H5N1
AY770079 A/chicken/Hubei/489/2004 2004 H5N1
AY653200 A/chicken/Jilin/9/2004 2004 H5N1
AY830774 A/chicken/Macheng/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ767725 A/chicken/Shandong/K01/2004 2004 H5N1
AY623430 A/chicken/Yichang/lung-1/04 2004 H5N1
AY651322 A/Dk/Indonesia/MS/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320883 A/duck/Guangxi/1311/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320884 A/duck/Guangxi/1378/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320885 A/duck/Guangxi/1586/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320886 A/duck/Guangxi/1681/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320887 A/duck/Guangxi/1793/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320890 A/duck/Guangxi/2291/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320892 A/duck/Guangxi/2396/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320879 A/duck/Guangxi/668/2004 2004 H5N1
AB241624 A/duck/Hokkaido/101/04 2004 H5N3
AB241625 A/duck/Hokkaido/193/04 2004 H5N3
AB241626 A/duck/Hokkaido/299/04 2004 H5N3
AY854190 A/duck/Shandong/093/2004 2004 H5N1
AY639405 A/goose/China/F3/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320881 A/goose/Guangxi/1097/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320882 A/goose/Guangxi/1198/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320888 A/goose/Guangxi/1832/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320889 A/goose/Guangxi/2112/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320891 A/goose/Guangxi/2383/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ320880 A/goose/Guangxi/914/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ836043 A/goose/Huadong/220/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651362 A/peregrine falcon/Hong Kong/D0028/2004 2004 H5N1
AY950236 A/swan/Guangxi/307/2004 2004 H5N1
AY741215 A/tree sparrow/Henan/1/2004 2004 H5N1
AY741217 A/tree sparrow/Henan/2/2004 2004 H5N1
AY741219 A/tree sparrow/Henan/3/2004 2004 H5N1
AY741221 A/tree sparrow/Henan/4/2004 2004 H5N1
AY950235 A/wild duck/Guangdong/314/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651373 A/black headed gull/Hong Kong/12.1/2003 2003 H5N1
DQ211925 A/chicken/luohuo/3/03 2003 H5N1
ISDN40326 A/Chicken/Viet Nam/Ncvd8/2003 2003 H5N1
AY651355 A/Ck/Hong Kong/WF157/2003 2003 H5N1
AY651323 A/Ck/Indonesia/2A/2003 2003 H5N1
AY651367 A/Dk/ST/4003/2003 2003 H5N1
DQ320914 A/duck/Shantou/4610/2003 2003 H5N1
AB212280 A/duck/Yokohama/aq10/2003 2003 H5N1
AY747609 A/swine/Fujian/1/2003 2003 H5N1
AY646424 A/swine/Shandong/2/03 2003 H5N1
DQ023145 A/chicken/China/1/02 2002 H5N1
DQ343152 A/chicken/Hebei/108/02 2002 H5N1
AY575875 A/chicken/Hong Kong/31.4/02 2002 H5N1
AY575879 A/chicken/Hong Kong/409.1/02 2002 H5N1
AY575876 A/chicken/Hong Kong/61.9/02 2002 H5N1
AY575878 A/chicken/Hong Kong/96.1/02 2002 H5N1
AY575877 A/chicken/Hong Kong/YU777/02 2002 H5N1
DQ320927 A/chicken/Hong Kongi/86.3/2002 2002 H5N1
DQ211924 A/chicken/zhoukou/2/02 2002 H5N1
AY651346 A/Ck/Hong Kong/31.2/2002 2002 H5N1
AY651350 A/Ck/Hong Kong/3176.3/2002 2002 H5N1
AY651347 A/Ck/Hong Kong/37.4/2002 2002 H5N1
AY651349 A/Ck/Hong Kong/YU22/2002 2002 H5N1
AJ632268 A/duck/France/02166/2002 2002 H5N3
AY585357 A/duck/Fujian/01/2002 2002 H5N1
AY585358 A/duck/Fujian/13/2002 2002 H5N1
AY585362 A/duck/Guangdong/22/2002 2002 H5N1
AY585366 A/duck/Guangxi/53/2002 2002 H5N1
AY585368 A/duck/Shanghai/35/2002 2002 H5N1
AY585369 A/duck/Shanghai/37/2002 2002 H5N1
ISDN38689 A/Duck/Viet Nam/Ncvd1/2002 2002 H5N1
AY651345 A/Gf/Hong Kong/38/2002 2002 H5N1
AY995885 A/mallard/Sweden/21/02 2002 H5N2
AY995895 A/mallard/Sweden/58/02 2002 H5N3
AY995896 A/mallard/Sweden/64/02 2002 H5N2
AY575880 A/pheasant/Hong Kong/675.14/02 2002 H5N1
AY651348 A/SCk/Hong Kong/YU100/2002 2002 H5N1
AY651352 A/teal/China/2978.1/2002 2002 H5N1
DQ343151 A/chicken/Hebei/718/2001 2001 H5N1
AY075027 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/317.5/2001 2001 H5N1
AF509025 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/715.5/01 2001 H5N1
AF509026 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/822.1/01 2001 H5N1
AF509027 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/829.2/01 2001 H5N1
AF509028 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/830.2/01 2001 H5N1
AF509029 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/858.3/01 2001 H5N1
AF509030 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/867.1/01 2001 H5N1
AF509032 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/873.3/01 2001 H5N1
AF509033 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/876.1/01 2001 H5N1
AF509031 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/879.1/01 2001 H5N1
AF509034 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/891.1/01 2001 H5N1
AF509035 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/893.2/01 2001 H5N1
AY221524 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/FY150/01 2001 H5N1
AF509019 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/FY150/01 2001 H5N1
AY221523 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/FY150/01-MB5 2001 H5N1
AF509016 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/FY77/01 2001 H5N1
AY221522 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/NT873.3/01 2001 H5N1
AY221521 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/NT873.3/01-MB 2001 H5N1
AF509024 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/SF219/01 2001 H5N1
AY221529 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU562/01 2001 H5N1
AF509017 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU562/01 2001 H5N1
AF509018 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU563/01 2001 H5N1
AY221528 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU822.2/01 2001 H5N1
AY221527 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU822.2/01-MB 2001 H5N1
DQ003215 A/chicken/Jiande/1218/2001 2001 H5N1
AF468837 A/Duck/Anyang/AVL-1/2001 2001 H5N1
AY585372 A/duck/Fujian/17/2001 2001 H5N1
AY585360 A/duck/Guangdong/01/2001 2001 H5N1
AY585364 A/duck/Guangxi/22/2001 2001 H5N1
AY585375 A/duck/Guangxi/50/2001 2001 H5N1
AY075033 A/Duck/Hong Kong/380.5/2001 2001 H5N1
AF509038 A/Duck/Hong Kong/573.4/01 2001 H5N1
AF509039 A/Duck/Hong Kong/646.3/01 2001 H5N1
AY585370 A/duck/Shanghai/08/2001 2001 H5N1
AY585367 A/duck/Shanghai/13/2001 2001 H5N1
AY585376 A/duck/Shanghai/38/2001 2001 H5N1
AF509036 A/Goose/Hong Kong/76.1/01 2001 H5N1
AF509037 A/Goose/Hong Kong/ww100/01 2001 H5N1
ISDN38260 A/Goose/Viet Nam/113/2001 2001 H5N1
ISDN38261 A/Goose/Viet Nam/324/2001 2001 H5N1
AF509020 A/Pheasant/Hong Kong/FY155/01 2001 H5N1
AY221526 A/Pheasant/Hong Kong/FY155/01 2001 H5N1
AY221525 A/Pheasant/Hong Kong/FY155/01-MB 2001 H5N1
AF509023 A/Pigeon/Hong Kong/SF215/01 2001 H5N1
AF509022 A/Quail/Hong Kong/SF203/01 2001 H5N1
AF509021 A/Silky Chicken/Hong Kong/SF189/01 2001 H5N1
AY747617 A/swine/Fujian/F1/2001 2001 H5N1
AY585359 A/duck/Fujian/19/2000 2000 H5N1
AY585373 A/duck/Guangdong/07/2000 2000 H5N1
AY585361 A/duck/Guangdong/12/2000 2000 H5N1
AY585374 A/duck/Guangdong/40/2000 2000 H5N1
AY059481 A/Duck/Hong Kong/2986.1/2000 2000 H5N1
AY059476 A/Duck/Hong Kong/ww381/2000 2000 H5N1
AY059477 A/Duck/Hong Kong/ww382/2000 2000 H5N1
AY059478 A/Duck/Hong Kong/ww461/2000 2000 H5N1
AY059479 A/Duck/Hong Kong/ww487/2000 2000 H5N1
AF501234 A/duck/Shanghai/1/2000 2000 H5
AF501235 A/duck/Shanghai/1/2000 2000 H5
AY585371 A/duck/Zhejiang/15/2000 2000 H5N1
AY585377 A/duck/Zhejiang/52/2000 2000 H5N1
AY075030 A/Goose/Hong Kong/3014.5/2000 2000 H5N1
AY059482 A/Goose/Hong Kong/3014.8/2000 2000 H5N1
AF398417 A/Goose/Hong Kong/385.3/2000 2000 H5N1
AF398418 A/Goose/Hong Kong/385.5/2000 2000 H5N1
AY059474 A/Goose/Hong Kong/ww26/2000 2000 H5N1
AY059475 A/Goose/Hong Kong/ww28/2000 2000 H5N1
AY059480 A/Goose/Hong Kong/ww491/2000 2000 H5N1
DQ201829 A/Goose/Huadong/1/2000 2000 H5N1
AY585363 A/duck/Guangxi/07/1999 1999 H5N1
AF216737 A/Environment/Hong Kong/437-10/99 1999 H5N1
AF216713 A/Environment/Hong Kong/437-4/99 1999 H5N1
AF216721 A/Environment/Hong Kong/437-6/99 1999 H5N1
AF216729 A/Environment/Hong Kong/437-8/99 1999 H5N1
DQ092869 A/Pekin duck/Singapore/F59/04/98 1998 H5N2
AF046100 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/915/97 1997 H5N1
AF194992 A/Chicken/Italy/9097/97 1997 H5N9
AF098543 A/Duck/Hong Kong/p46/97 1997 H5N1
ISDN49024 A/duck/Singapore/3/97 1997 H5N3
AF303057 A/duck/Singapore/Q-F119-3/97 1997 H5N3
AF364334 A/Goose/Guangdong/3/97 1997 H5N1
AF098545 A/Goose/Hong Kong/w355/97 1997 H5N1
AF036356 A/Hong Kong/156/97 1997 H5N1
AF046088 A/Hong Kong/156/97 1997 H5N1
AF084279 A/Hong Kong/481/97 1997 H5N1
AF046096 A/Hong Kong/481/97 1997 H5N1
AF046098 A/Hong Kong/482/97 1997 H5N1
AF084281 A/Hong Kong/486/97 1997 H5N1
AF102671 A/Hong Kong/486/97 1997 H5N1
AF102672 A/Hong Kong/488/97 1997 H5N1
AF102675 A/Hong Kong/507/97 1997 H5N1
AF102673 A/Hong Kong/516/97 1997 H5N1
AF098546 A/Silky Chicken/Hong Kong/p17/97 1997 H5N1
AF148678 A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 1996 H5N1
AF144305 A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 1996 H5N1
AB241616 A/swan/Hokkaido/4/96 1996 H5N3
AB241617 A/swan/Hokkaido/51/96 1996 H5N3
AB241618 A/swan/Hokkaido/67/96 1996 H5N3
AF082042 A/Duck/Potsdam/1402-6/86 1986 H5N2
AF290443 A/Duck/Ho Chi Minh/14/78 1978 H5N3
CY005575 A/duck/Hong Kong/342/1978 1978 H5N2
AF082038 A/Duck/Hong Kong/205/77 1977 H5N3
PB2 polymorphism
ISDN140030 A/Azerbaijan/006-207/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ529292 A/chicken/Nigeria/641/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ533586 A/Cygnus olor/Italy/742/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ852607 A/grebe/Tyva/Tyv06-2/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN133322 A/Indonesia/283H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN133329 A/Indonesia/286H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN133103 A/Turkey/12/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN133377 A/Turkey/15/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN133363 A/Turkey/651242/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN133371 A/Turkey/65596/06 2006 H5N1
AB264769 A/whooper swan/Mongolia/2/06 2006 H5N1
AB239300 A/bar-headed goose/Mongolia/1/05 2005 H5N1
DQ237956 A/bar-headed goose/Qinghai/0510/05 2005 H5N1
DQ095761 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/12/05 2005 H5N1
DQ095757 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/5/05 2005 H5N1
DQ095752 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/59/05 2005 H5N1
DQ095755 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/60/05 2005 H5N1
DQ095758 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/61/05 2005 H5N1
DQ095760 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/62/05 2005 H5N1
DQ095762 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/65/05 2005 H5N1
DQ095763 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/67/05 2005 H5N1
DQ095753 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/68/05 2005 H5N1
DQ095759 A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/75/05 2005 H5N1
DQ100542 A/black-headed goose/Qinghai/1/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ100543 A/black-headed goose/Qinghai/2/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ100544 A/black-headed gull/Qinghai/1/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ095756 A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai/3/05 2005 H5N1
DQ650670 A/chicken/Crimea/08/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320810 A/chicken/Fujian/1042/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320832 A/chicken/Guangxi/604/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ449639 A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ323675 A/chicken/Kurgan/3/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ095766 A/Chicken/Shantou/810/05 2005 H5N1
DQ840518 A/chicken/Tula/Russia/Oct-5/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ492887 A/chicken/Vietnam/393/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ389161 A/Cygnus olor/Astrakhan/Ast05-2-1/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ434890 A/Cygnus olor/Astrakhan/Ast05-2-10/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ343506 A/Cygnus olor/Astrakhan/Ast05-2-2/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ358750 A/Cygnus olor/Astrakhan/Ast05-2-3/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ363916 A/Cygnus olor/Astrakhan/Ast05-2-4/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ365011 A/Cygnus olor/Astrakhan/Ast05-2-5/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ365001 A/Cygnus olor/Astrakhan/Ast05-2-6/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ363921 A/Cygnus olor/Astrakhan/Ast05-2-7/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ386305 A/Cygnus olor/Astrakhan/Ast05-2-8/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ399543 A/Cygnus olor/Astrakhan/Ast05-2-9/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320809 A/duck/Fujian/897/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320833 A/duck/Guangxi/793/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320835 A/duck/Guangzhou/20/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ449647 A/duck/Kurgan/08/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ864713 A/duck/Novosibirsk/02/05 2005 H5N1
DQ232608 A/duck/Novosibirsk/56/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320856 A/Environment/Qinghai/31/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ095768 A/Goose/Shantou/1621/05 2005 H5N1
DQ320849 A/goose/Shantou/2216/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ100545 A/great black-headed gull/Qinghai/1/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ095754 A/Great Black-headed Gull/Qinghai/2/05 2005 H5N1
DQ232607 A/grebe/Novosibirsk/29/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320850 A/migratory duck/Jiangxi/1653/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320851 A/migratory duck/Jiangxi/1657/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ320852 A/migratory duck/Jiangxi/1701/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ095767 A/Quail/Shantou/911/05 2005 H5N1
DQ840532 A/swan/Astrakhan/Russia/Nov-2/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN129518 A/turkey/Turkey/1/05 2005 H5N1
PB1 polymorphism
ISDN140037 A/Azerbaijan/006-207/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ533585 A/Cygnus olor/Italy/742/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183245 A/Feline/Indonesia/CDC1/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ852606 A/grebe/Tyva/Tyv06-2/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN133330 A/Indonesia/283H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN133331 A/Indonesia/286H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN138754 A/Indonesia/292H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN136855 A/Indonesia/304H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140816 A/Indonesia/534H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140912 A/Indonesia/535H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140913 A/Indonesia/536H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140824 A/Indonesia/538H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140932 A/Indonesia/542H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN187427 A/Indonesia/546bH/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140914 A/Indonesia/546H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN185504 A/Indonesia/560H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN187435 A/Indonesia/567H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN187451 A/Indonesia/583H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN187459 A/Indonesia/604H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183265 A/Indonesia/CDC326/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183268 A/Indonesia/CDC326N/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183272 A/Indonesia/CDC326N2/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183274 A/Indonesia/CDC326T/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183278 A/Indonesia/CDC329/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183280 A/Indonesia/CDC357/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN181363 A/Indonesia/CDC523/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183303 A/Indonesia/CDC523E/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183311 A/Indonesia/CDC523T/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183319 A/Indonesia/CDC582/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140833 A/Indonesia/CDC594/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN140841 A/Indonesia/CDC595/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN140849 A/Indonesia/CDC596/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN140857 A/Indonesia/CDC597/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN140864 A/Indonesia/CDC599/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN183780 A/Indonesia/CDC599N/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183700 A/Indonesia/CDC610/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183740 A/Indonesia/CDC625/2006 2006 H5N1
SDN183772 A/Indonesia/CDC625L/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183748 A/Indonesia/CDC634/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183756 A/Indonesia/CDC634P/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183764 A/Indonesia/CDC634T/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN207106 A/Indonesia/CDC644/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN207098 A/Indonesia/CDC644T/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN204135 A/Indonesia/CDC669/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN204143 A/Indonesia/CDC669P/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN204151 A/Indonesia/CDC699/2006 2006 H5N1
AB264770 A/whooper swan/Mongolia/2/06 2006 H5N1
DQ493367 A/chicken/Dairi/BPPVI/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ493368 A/chicken/Deli Serdang/BPPVI/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ351875 A/chicken/Hebei/326/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ321305 A/chicken/Hunan/999/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ493352 A/chicken/Kulon Progo/BBVW/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ493365 A/chicken/Simalanggang/BPPVI/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ493369 A/chicken/Tarutung/BPPVI/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ493366 A/chicken/Tebing Tinggi/BPPVI/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ321306 A/duck/Hunan/1265/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ321307 A/duck/Hunan/1608/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ321308 A/duck/Hunan/1652/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN132412 A/Indonesia/239H/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN132420 A/Indonesia/245H/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN128032 A/Indonesia/6/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN183253 A/Indonesia/CDC287E/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN183256 A/Indonesia/CDC287T/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN183260 A/Indonesia/CDC292N/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN183264 A/Indonesia/CDC292T/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ321316 A/migratory duck/Jiangxi/2300/2005 2005 H5N1
AY737294 A/chicken/Guangdong/178/04 2004 H5N1
AY737287 A/chicken/Guangdong/191/04 2004 H5N1
DQ366328 A/chicken/Guangxi/12/2004 2004 H5N1
AY684704 A/chicken/Hubei/327/2004 2004 H5N1
AY770083 A/chicken/Hubei/489/2004 2004 H5N1
AY653199 A/chicken/Jilin/9/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651652 A/Dk/Indonesia/MS/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ366336 A/duck/Guangxi/13/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ321278 A/duck/Guangxi/1311/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ321282 A/duck/Guangxi/1793/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ321285 A/duck/Guangxi/2291/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ321287 A/duck/Guangxi/2396/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ321276 A/goose/Guangxi/1097/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ321277 A/goose/Guangxi/1198/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ321284 A/goose/Guangxi/2112/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ321286 A/goose/Guangxi/2383/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651694 A/peregrine falcon/Hong Kong/D0028/2004 2004 H5N1
AY950278 A/swan/Guangxi/307/2004 2004 H5N1
AY950277 A/wild duck/Guangdong/314/2004 2004 H5N1
AY651651 A/Ck/Indonesia/BL/2003 2003 H5N1
AY651653 A/Ck/Indonesia/PA/2003 2003 H5N1
AY518366 A/duck/China/E319-2/03 2003 H5N1
DQ321309 A/duck/Shantou/4610/2003 2003 H5N1
AY576398 A/chicken/Hong Kong/31.4/02 2002 H5N1
AY576400 A/chicken/Hong Kong/YU777/02 2002 H5N1
AY651678 A/Ck/Hong Kong/37.4/2002 2002 H5N1
AY585490 A/duck/Guangdong/22/2002 2002 H5N1
AF509170 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU562/01 2001 H5N1
AY221583 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU562/01 2001 H5N1
AF509171 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU563/01 2001 H5N1
AY221582 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU822.2/01 2001 H5N1
AY221581 A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU822.2/01-MB 2001 H5N1
AY585485 A/duck/Fujian/17/2001 2001 H5N1
AY585493 A/duck/Guangxi/22/2001 2001 H5N1
AY585494 A/duck/Guangxi/35/2001 2001 H5N1
AY585495 A/duck/Guangxi/50/2001 2001 H5N1
PA Polymorphism
ISDN140044 A/Azerbaijan/006-207/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ852603 A/grebe/Tyva/Tyv06-2/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN140815 A/Indonesia/534H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140909 A/Indonesia/535H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140910 A/Indonesia/536H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140823 A/Indonesia/538H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN187426 A/Indonesia/546bH/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140911 A/Indonesia/546H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN185502 A/Indonesia/560H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140834 A/Indonesia/CDC594/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN140842 A/Indonesia/CDC595/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN140850 A/Indonesia/CDC596/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN140858 A/Indonesia/CDC597/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN140865 A/Indonesia/CDC599/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN183779 A/Indonesia/CDC599N/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183739 A/Indonesia/CDC625/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183771 A/Indonesia/CDC625L/2006 2006 H5N1
AB263751 A/whooper swan/Mongolia/2/06 2006 H5N1
DQ493280 A/chicken/Dairi/BPPVI/2005 2005 H5N1
AY303660 A/chicken/Chile/176822/02 2002 H7N3
AY303662 A/chicken/Chile/4322/02 2002 H7N3
AY303661 A/chicken/Chile/4957/02 2002 H7N3
AY497139 A/chicken/Aguascalientes/124-3705/98 1998 H5N2
AY497140 A/Chicken/Puebla/231-5284/98 1998 H5N2
AY210200 A/Canada/2/70 H3N2
AY210196 A/England/878/69 1969 H3N2
CY006304 A/Hong Kong/3/69 1969 H3N2
NA polymorphism
ISDN140069 A/Azerbaijan/006-207/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140812 A/Indonesia/534H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140900 A/Indonesia/535H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140901 A/Indonesia/536H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140820 A/Indonesia/538H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN187423 A/Indonesia/546bH/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140902 A/Indonesia/546H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN185497 A/Indonesia/560H/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN140837 A/Indonesia/CDC594/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN140845 A/Indonesia/CDC595/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN140853 A/Indonesia/CDC596/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN140861 A/Indonesia/CDC597/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN140868 A/Indonesia/CDC599/06 2006 H5N1
ISDN183784 A/Indonesia/CDC599N/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183743 A/Indonesia/CDC625/2006 2006 H5N1
ISDN183775 A/Indonesia/CDC625L/2006 2006 H5N1
DQ493015 A/chicken/Dairi/BPPVI/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ493016 A/chicken/Deli Serdang/BPPVI/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ884461 A/chicken/Indonesia/77/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN187393 A/Chicken/Indonesia/Wates77/2005 2005 H5N1
ISDN187396 A/Chicken/Indonesia/Wates83/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ321059 A/chicken/Salatiga/BBVet-I/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ493013 A/chicken/Simalanggang/BPPVI/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ493017 A/chicken/Tarutung/BPPVI/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ493014 A/chicken/Tebing Tinggi/BPPVI/2005 2005 H5N1
DQ493012 A/chicken/Pangkalpinang/BPPV3/2004 2004 H5N1
DQ493018 A/turkey/Kedaton/BPPV3/2004 2004 H5N1
Media Sources
Phylogenetic Trees